Transitioning to a Better State Orange is the New Black...

The LGBT community is a group that often falls victim to negative stereotyping. LGBT is an acronym for Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender that categorizes a community of individuals that are a part of the sexual minority (Swain, 2007). One community that falls under the umbrella of the LGBT acronym is the transgender community. This community consists of transgender individuals, a general term to describe those who do not conform to typical gender roles, transsexuals who desire to be recognized as a member of the opposite sex, and transvestites who dress in clothing associated with the opposite gender. Transsexuals are a group that are largely ignored on television, and when they are portrayed they usually belong to roles in which they†¦show more content†¦The punchline character is one in which the transsexual character is recognized as trans, often by exaggerated visual cues, but this recognition is surrounded by jokes and situational comedy related to the characters tra nsition. Along with the major character types, other common stereotypes associated with MTF trans characters are that they are all homosexual, males are overly-feminine before transition, transsexuals are hermaphrodites with both male and female parts, and/or that their desire to transition to the opposite gender is a choice rather than an innate medical condition. The portrayal of characters on television can fall into one of three different categories: assimilation, pluralist, or multicultural. The levels of portrayal were used in one study to determine how African American individuals were depicted on television, but this classification system can by applied to numerous minority groups. In the study, Assimilation indicated that African Americans played characters on a show, yet issues surrounding racial differences were not discussed; pluralist was indicative of a group of African American characters who lived and interacted in a world that functioned parallel to the real world; multicultural defined a level of portrayal where issues surrounding African Americans

Norwegian Security Policy After The Cold War Essay Example For Students

Norwegian Security Policy After The Cold War Essay Norwegian Security Policy after the Cold WarDespite widespread diplomatic discussion, and sentiment that the UN SecurityCouncil must be expanded in order to maintain its long-term legitimacy, nogenerally acceptable formula for expansion has emerged. Concerns for obtainingor retaining voting power, and for preserving a body structured so as to be ableto take prompt and effective decisions, have prevented agreement. This articlereviews various criteria for evaluating restructuring proposals, and suggests aformula that, while not fundamentally affecting the distribution of power on theCouncil, might satisfy many states minimal requirements for an acceptablepackage of changes. The end of the Cold War between East and West has strengthened Norwegiansecurity, which makes Norway no different from most other European countries. There are now more dimensions to security policy than there were when theoverriding aim was deterrence by means of ones own and allied military forces. Cold War perceptions of military threat no longer exist. In Norways particularcase, however, it is possible to talk about a remaining strategic threat, whenreferring to Russian deployments in the far north. Such a threat is only apotential one and is not imminent today. Yet it has to be acknowledged that warsbetween nations and ethnic groups have hardly been abolished. As a result, ithas become more difficult to identify the risk of armed aggression directedagainst Norway The risk would seem to reside in the escalation of a whole seriesof completely different political developments. For example, these eventualitiescould take the form of the emergence of a nationalistic dictatorship, or thedevelopment of ungovernable political chaos in formerly communist countries. Because of the existence of some very large arsenals and supplies of militaryequipment, it is important to judge the political aims of potential opponents. These can change over time, not least if they represent irrational andaggressive attitudes. The nuclear weapons of the great powers do not seem tohave any deterrent effect on violent ethnic cleansing, and the emergence ofarmed conflicts in different areas can be difficult to predict. But a countrys security can also be subject to something that has become moretopical after the Cold War: low level threats. These are related to some verydifferent types of irregular national border transgressions, for exampleinternational crime and various forms of pollution. The Cold Wars dominating concept, security by means of deterrence, iscomplemented by the concept of collective security. This harmonises well withthe traditional Norwegian approach to security policy of combining deterrencewith reassurance. The potential enemy is also a partner. A small country has noless a need for allies, but for different purposes. Following the result of the Norwegian referendum in the autumn of 1994, whichrejected EU membership, the current status of Norwegian security policy can besummarised as follows:* We are a member of NATO* an associated member of the WEU, and* our Nordic neighbours are members of the EU. FoundationsFor most of the period following the Second World War, Norway sought nationalsecurity through membership of NATO. Up until 1940 the key word was neutrality,a neutrality that was well disposed towards the British. During the Second WorldWar Norway was occupied, whilst the legal government sought exile in London. Norway took part in an overseas front on the side of the Allies. An importantNorwegian contribution to the war effort was the achievement of its largemerchant fleet. Strategic valueA basic premise of Norwegian security policy is the perception of the assumedmilitary and strategic value of Norwegian territory for the combatants in agreat power conflict. The absence of any political conflict with Norway is theprecondition for such an offensive. War between the Nordic countries is nowlooked upon as totally unimaginable and is therefore excluded from all practicalplanning. The Nordic countries together make up a security community. Norway was not involved in the First World War because it was mainly limited tothe European continent. It was a land war during which Norway was protected bythe British fleet at the same time as the German fleet was mainly held to itsown naval bases. Norway was drawn into the Second World War as the result of a strategic Germaninvasion undertaken as part of its war against England. This war was fought on amuch wider geographic scale and also developed into a war at sea. Norway, withits long coastline, became a theatre of war. Furthermore, Norwegian territorywas used as one of several launching points for Germanys war against the SovietUnion. It was the Soviet Union which later liberated parts of Eastern Finnmarkfrom the retreating German forces. During the Cold War the military value of Norwegian territory increased. Thereason for this was the build-up of large sea, air, and to a lesser extent,land-based military capacity in the Soviet North-West. Norway was regarded asthe place where NATO could lose a Third World War should the Soviet Union freelybe able to use Norwegian ports and airfields as part of the struggle to gainmilitary control over the Atlantic. Not aloneAnother fundamental premise of Norwegian security policy is the perception thatNorway, by herself, will never be able to effectively repel a great power attackor prevent a serious great power attempt to occupy the country. In need of assistanceConsequently, the third fundamental premise of Norwegian security policy is thatthe country is in need of military assistance from countries interested inpreventing an occupation of Norway. Since 1949 Norway secured such assistance bymeans of her membership in NATO. The Second World War demonstrated that Alliedhelp has to be agreed upon and preparations for it made in peacetime, if it isto be effective. The NATO alliance has fulfilled this need. But even during the Cold War, Norwegian security was not assumed to be sovulnerable as to necessitate the deployment of foreign, allied troops onNorwegian territory. The political and military cooperation in NATO was assumedto form an adequate basis for deterring any peacetime attack. It also providedthe basis for Norwegian base policy which was formulated in response to a Sovietapproach before Norway became a NATO member. The government decided that Norwayshould not open bases for the armed forces of foreign countries unless thecountry was under attack or under threat of attack. For Norway, it became animportant diplomatic instrument to be able to warn that, should there occurSoviet diplomatic or military coercion which might be interpreted as a threat oran attack, the Government could retaliate by enlisting the allied armed forces. A study in contrast the views of catherine barkley EssayNorway holds a prominent position in the campaign to abolish chemical weapons. PollutionMilitary based pollution in north-western Russia represents a particular problem. It is caused by obsolescence, dumping at sea and by overflowing stockpiles onland. Norway has worked towards involving the USA in the disarmament relatedpollution problems of North-western Russia, and has been allocated some of thefunds in a programme started by Senators Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar. A considerable pollution threat, albeit a non-military one, is represented bythe nuclear power plants and other industrial instal-lations in the area, suchas the nickel smelters there. Pollution in Norway emanating from Russia is moreextensive than total pollution from Norwegian sources. CooperationPut simply, Norway would like to see as much international cooperation aspossible in order to solve her security problems in as wide a context aspossible. USAIt is the Norwegian view that transatlantic relations with the USA are in aclass of their own. During the Cold War, no other country was able to play suchan important role for Norwegian security as the USA. There is still a widely-held belief that nobody can replace the American commitment, within the NATOframework, to ensure Norwegian security. No other country can rival the USAs position as the leading proponent ofdisarmament, where both nuclear and conventional arms are concerned. Within NATO, Norway has entered into a number of special agreements with the USA,such as pre-positioning of weapons and materiel for the marines and air force(COB), as well as other forms of explicit military cooperation. Norway hashelped limit the scope of cutbacks affecting such measures, thanks to DefenceMinister Kosmos effective diplomacy. But Norway has also other agreements withother NATO countries which ensure allied support, for example the agreement withthe German-American unit NCF (NATO Composite Force). StrategyNorway supports NATOs new strategy and forces concept enabling it to meetunforeseen challenges threatening member countries of the alliance. Norway has put an IRF battalion, an air squadron and a frigate at the disposalof NATO for immediate emergency deployment. In the meantime, two aspects have changed. During the Cold War, the greater strategic significance of Norwegian territorywas so considerable it was reckoned that alliance partners would quickly come tothe assistance of the country in an emergency. The threat against Norway was then so great that Norwegian forces had but onetask the defence of Norwegian territory. Now, by virtue of her participation in the IRF, Norway has proclaimed herwillingness to deploy military forces, in an allied context, outside ofNorwegian territory. Moreover, this can be seen as the expression of Norwaysnew resolve to demonstrate solidarity with her allied partners abroad, in orderto strengthen security cooperation with the same partners on home territory. TransatlanticFrom a Norwegian viewpoint, every transatlantic debate in NATO has been fraughtwith a certain anxiety lest the European and the American members of thealliance should develop such disagreements that Norway would have to choosesides. Important strategic considerations link Norway to the USA in a specialway. However, Norway is part of Europe geographically, historically,commercially and in other vital areas. American policy represents two challenges. The first is demilitarisation andwithdrawal from Europe. The second is the call to Western European countries toassume greater responsibility for their own security. Both challenges have a bearing on how Western European NATO members organisethemselves. It is of central importance in this connection that the WesternEuropean Union (WEU) has been chosen as NATOs European pillar. Norway is anassociated member of WEU. At the same time WEU has been named the defence arm of the European Union (EU). Full membership of WEU is only open to states who are EU members. Again, it isonly EU member countries who can take part in EUs joint foreign and securitypolicy (FUSP), which gives security policy a much broader basis than the purelymilitary. Thus the Norwegian EU question is explicitly linked to foreign policyconsiderations. Norway had since the Spring of 1994 an accession treaty for EU membership, whichwas defended not least from a security policy standpoint. But in the referendumof November 28th 1994 a majority of the Norwegian people voted againstmembership. NordicForeign and security policy cooperation between Nordic countries has developedrapidly following the Cold War era when Swedish and Finnish neutrality gave risequestions of credibility. Governments looked upon such cooperation as a steptowards anticipated EU-membership for all Nordic countries (Iceland excepted). There are, however, no indications of a Norwegian willingness to establish anyform of isolated Nordic defence cooperation. The idea of a Scandinavian defenceunion was tried and rejected in 1948/49. Norway wants to remain in NATO, and asan associated member of WEU at the very least. But following the Norwegian peoples rejection of the EU, there is a greaterrequirement to stimulate more comprehensive Nordic cooperation. Norway is a partof the European Economic Area (EEA), and as such is a sort of economic member ofthe EU, but without regular voting rights. Rejection of EU-membership does notmean the rejection of other types of cooperation. Also on grounds of securitypolicy the Norwegian Government considers it important to fully exploit the EEAagreements regulations and semi-annual consultations. FNNorways support of the UN as the guarantor of international peace and securityis dependent on superpower cooperation not being paralysed by veto. Norway has along tradition of taking part in UN peacekeeping operations. More than 1 percent of Norways entire population has served on UN assignments. This isprobably a UN record. After the Cold War the UN has regained much of its original strength. Norway hasextended her UN involvement by increasing the number of officers and troops onUN alert to 2000. Norway also supports the thinking behind a greater role forthe UN by strengthening the UNs apparatus for crisis management and operationalleadership. Norway supports the new concept: keeping the peace, which in certaincases means a willingness to take up arms in order to restore peace.

See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino

Acts of violence among young persons have been making headlines for some time now. While many associate boys to the acts, shocking statistics reveal that girls are increasingly committing violent acts. The purpose of this essay is to give an overview of Dr. Garbarino’s See Jane Hit: Why Girls are Growing more Violent and what We can Do About it. It also seeks to address the book’s reaction on gender and how violence and aggression affects society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It seeks to answer the following questions; Is it a good thing that girls are more violent and does that mean we have achieved same level of fairness in the difference between boys and girls? In what ways does American society glorify or reward people for aggression? Is girls; aggression something American society should take seriously? The author takes a captiva ting look at girls becoming aggressive – from the physical attributes of self assurance visible in healthy girls to criminal aggression in distressed girls. In a society which increasingly believes in equality among all, girls are putting aside their ladylike nature in pursuit for freedom. He exposes an alarmingly escalating trend of violence in America’s girl child. According to Dr. Garbarino, there is an increasingly narrowing gap between criminal violence perpetrated by young boys and young girls as opposed to some years back. The New more physical American Girl has emerged with the capability to assert herself that surpasses unlawful attack. Girls are making headway in sports, their display of passion, their obvious love for conventional or ‘acceptable’ aggression and the assurance that comes with accomplishments and sense of possession. While he applauds the positive aggression portrayed by the liberal New American girl, his main concern lies with the rising breed of violent girls. He reckons that the overall towering figures of violence in the girl child is an inadvertent result of the conventional rise in ordinary girls becoming physical and growing more opinionated. The so called â€Å"empowerment† is the root of this aggression. Through different research perspectives, he finds answers to the problem. Research indicates that a big majority of children do not go through these dramatic character transformations during adolescence. They simply become bigger, more mature translations of what they were as children. Childhood is the period during which the fundamental behavioral tendencies come out. What happens in childhood presents a basis for future behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Children who have problems with attachment face difficulties in handling relationships as adolescents. It follows then that violent youth were destructive children. The encounters with transformations that come with puberty increase the anxiety about individual appearance and this affect self esteem. Teenagers also contend with peer issues. When children enter adolescence stage, the inclination to give in to peer influence increases, making them susceptible to exaggerated responses. Adolescence brings with it changes in loyalties in that focus moves from devotion to parents to peers. The cultural components of peer behavior become important. Research shows that notable aspects of peer behavior like antagonism and self harm can be carried from childhood to adolescence. This state of affairs can explain the increasing use of violence in the New American Girl. In particular, the escalating predicament of violent female adolescents is largely not because non-violent girls have learnt to be more domineering when they become adolescents. The extent of violence and assertiveness may change during adolescence but the fo undation for aggression lie in childhood, not in the progressive changes associated with adolescence. The foundation for female violence was put in place years ago; conflict, poverty, bias, segregation, poor grades at school as a result of child abuse, negligence and crime serve to promote aggression. Girls are merely catching up with the boys. Garbarino also analyzes the role of mass media in perpetrating violence among young people. The American society clearly approves of violence while today’s girls are keenly listening and watching. He scrutinizes the conventional origin of the way girls should be like and their increasing dissatisfaction with depending on others for acknowledgement. He settles the argument by proposing that girls be positively aggressive and society ought to regard them favorably in a positive and convectional way like they do boys. Girls require an explicit personality, a feeling of firmness, spirituality and beneficial adult influence in their lives. He concludes that no matter how aggressive the girls are, this violent trend can be stopped. He calls for universal support and intervention from the whole community before the situation gets worse. My opinion To a large extent I concur with Dr.Garbarino that there is indeed more aggression among girls of today; verbally and physically. Our children are losing their simplicity and naà ¯vetà ©. American culture has many selfish, manipulative and harmful ingredients to the young ones. Violence is being disseminated at an alarming rate among children. The sad part though is that this violence is not only directed towards others but to themselves as well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Violence experienced in home, schools and recreational facilities coupled by the one perpetrated through the media is having far more reaching outcomes in our children. Nearly all homes in America access TVs. The kind of programs and shows aired centre largely on sexual orientations, stereotype roles of men and women and commercials. Most of these programs portray violent images that exalt killings, abuse and violent sex for instance ‘The X-files’, ‘X-men’, ‘The Simpsons’, and the whole sci-fi ‘action’ shows and the ‘show of might’ portrayed in their content. TV violence is thus eroding values in our children, substituting them with the worst things imaginable. Our children are not only watching them all but they are learning as well. They learn and absorb violence as a normal part of ‘surviving’ in our morally decaying world. Children feel â€Å"unaffected† with violence and slowly by slowly accept violence as a normal way or getting things done in society. They begin to see themselves in TV characters and ape them. Compared to other generations, young girls are expecting less in relationships. Majority have grown resentful. The girl child is getting the information that she can be physically powerful outside the sexual context. This transformation is due to the freedom from the conventional feminine restrictions. Girls are now adopting survival strategies in our society that upholds and exalts the application of violence in almost everyway. Our society is getting more permissive by the day. Extreme feminists’ ideologies that tell girls that sexism undermines them alongside the culture that they are entitled to equal rights combine to wreck havoc on the already weakened moral fabric. Our society inclines to let girls go scot free and makes them believe they are victims of violence. This gives them the leeway to commit more crimes as they feel entitled to vent their frustration with the ‘unjust’ world. The fact that they are not held responsible for their actions prompts them to act in extreme ways like in the instances d iscussed by the author. Women are increasing their accomplishments in various spheres of life by use of physical aggression since it works for men too Adults are now presented with the challenge of guiding and bringing up these girls. They are not ready to make the young girls understand the parameters of violence. Men fear of this being construed as sexual harassment while women look on and appreciate the â€Å"freedom†. Consequently, girls lack the supervision and the sense of direction that is required to grow up and manage their feelings. They end up destroying their lives and those of others.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While men are by nature more violent than women, women are more so capable of being equally violent today. I also concur with his premises pertaining to girls oral and relation aggressive abilities. This has always been the conventional female means of getting what they want or where they want to go. This type of aggression happens to be increasing too. Men have overtime devised ways to exercise control and take responsibility of their actions. Our society is yet to successfully adapt itself to the immense power it has bestowed on women and ask women to the responsibility of the power they possess. That ought to change. Just as boys are taught the gentlemanly way of never laying a hand on a woman regardless of the offense, girls should also be taught so. They should not just be taught defense mechanisms. They should learn that there is no justification for violence and that crime has a price. Justified aggression harms just like the other. We can all express ourselves freely but the means we choose to use matter and we should not expect someone to always defend our actions. The issue of female violence should be taken seriously though it should not be blown out of proportion. Remedial action should be taken now before it becomes unmanageable in the near future. Girls should be given support by the community and our religions. They should not be left to their own demise as it will not just affect them but the society at large. Role models ought to be there for our girls to emulate. To some, the issue of violence in the American girl may seem over- stated but there is some truth in it nevertheless. Violent crime has been escalating since 1960s and though there may have been notable decreases in the 1980s, the crimes have since changed in their constitution. Teenagers are increasingly engaging in violence and the past ten years has been but a succession of armed gangs and drug dealing. Juvenile crime poses a great danger to public safety our society today. Thousa nds of children from fatherless homes and declining localities are hitting our streets every year. I can attest to this as I live in a populous section of one of the largest metropolitans and I can say that there are girl gangs in our town. Our city’s juvenile arrest records indicate that while girls appear less violent than boys, they are nevertheless involved. Most of the men arrested for violence claim to be involved with aggressive women. However, I don’t think I share his supposition that female involvement in sports has facilitated the aggression to spread to other areas outside the field. Positive aggression should be encouraged as long as the channels are creative, helpful and productive. He provides no real linking figures to ascertain this assumption. His evidence looks unreliable and cannot therefore be used as a basis for generalization. All is not lost though as Dr. Garbarino advances helpful ideas through which aggressive dispositions can be directed for the better. Protective factors can be taken to remedy the problem as the author discussed. They are worth trying. Similarly, our society should provide role models that our children can look up to for mentorship. Parents need involve themselves more in their children’s upbringing and this brings into focus the issue of family strengthening and the role of good parenting. The family unit ought to be preserved as it is the beginning of most of the problem we encounter in society today. While the debate on whether or not girls’ crime is on the increases rages on, what we should be asking ourselves is; what is happening with our children? Dr. Garbarino offers a very intriguing perspective into female violence, something which was never openly acknowledged. He presents an eye-opening discourse about the alarming issue progression of criminal aggression among girls. Garbarino illustrates this really well. The book goes a long way in informing our society on the changing time s and offers solutions to make it a better place for all of us This essay on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino was written and submitted by user Emely Wiley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Climate Tolerance

Climate Tolerance of Plants Plants give us lots of things including oxygen, foods, and medicines. Plants need things like water, light, and air. The amount of daylight affects their growth. Plants also need food, just like we do. Plants have adapted to living in many climates, including underwater, in very cold places, and in very dry places. Until we find a way to make our society understand the world does not expand with the population this problem will increase more and more. As the population grows, so does the consumption of food. Our country, although faced hunger problems within, work together with other countries to try to distribute food to over populated areas in poorer countries, but as their population grows, so does the need for help. Until the population growth slows down the hunger throughout the world, in my opinion, will remain and indefinitely increase. Another problem faced mainly in reaction to the population growth, is the shortage of land we are being confronted with. Environmentalists are enraged by the destruction of our forest throughout the country, and the media has made it apparent the land in other countries is being affected as well. Along with the increasing number of people needing shelter the belief of society, in my opinion, is the bigger the better. We as a society need to acknowledge the problem at hand and realize that we do not have an endless supply of land and trees, maybe if we would take more concern about the future instead of the present, we would recognize the problem more clearly. These problems are just a few of the main problems faced worldwide today, and will probably remain as our society gets more and more complex. People have confronted these problems in many different ways, my opinion is if we started by taking control of the population of our planet the other problems that we face such as shortages on gas, land, and food will become more manageable.... Free Essays on Climate Tolerance Free Essays on Climate Tolerance Climate Tolerance of Plants Plants give us lots of things including oxygen, foods, and medicines. Plants need things like water, light, and air. The amount of daylight affects their growth. Plants also need food, just like we do. Plants have adapted to living in many climates, including underwater, in very cold places, and in very dry places. Until we find a way to make our society understand the world does not expand with the population this problem will increase more and more. As the population grows, so does the consumption of food. Our country, although faced hunger problems within, work together with other countries to try to distribute food to over populated areas in poorer countries, but as their population grows, so does the need for help. Until the population growth slows down the hunger throughout the world, in my opinion, will remain and indefinitely increase. Another problem faced mainly in reaction to the population growth, is the shortage of land we are being confronted with. Environmentalists are enraged by the destruction of our forest throughout the country, and the media has made it apparent the land in other countries is being affected as well. Along with the increasing number of people needing shelter the belief of society, in my opinion, is the bigger the better. We as a society need to acknowledge the problem at hand and realize that we do not have an endless supply of land and trees, maybe if we would take more concern about the future instead of the present, we would recognize the problem more clearly. These problems are just a few of the main problems faced worldwide today, and will probably remain as our society gets more and more complex. People have confronted these problems in many different ways, my opinion is if we started by taking control of the population of our planet the other problems that we face such as shortages on gas, land, and food will become more manageable....

Coroporate finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coroporate finance - Research Paper Example Ratio analysis uses data from the financial statements to develop financial formulas that calculate ratios. The purpose of this paper is to utilize ratio analysis to analyze the financial performance of Qatar Telecom Q.S.C. and Vodafone Qatar Q.S.C. during the last two years. Company profile Qatar Telecom Qatar Telecom is the leading telecommunications company in the small Persian Gulf country of Qatar. The company’s landline business operates in a monopoly market since the firm is the only company that provides that service. Some of the services that the company provides to its customers include landlines, wireless communication, internet, and cable television. The firm is a multinational corporation that operates in 17 countries. The majority ownership of the company is held by the government of Qatar who owns 55% of the firm. The remaining 45% is owned by private investors who openly trade their stocks in the Qatar Exchange. Company profile Vodafone Qatar Vodafone is a mult inational corporation in the telecommunication industry that operates in over 30 countries. The firm was founded in 1985. The company has over 403 million customers around the world. The firm has used strategic alliances and partnerships to expand its reach. Its global network of partners is composed of 50 companies. The firm is considered the 7th most valuable brand within its industry. The organization has a diversified portfolio of products and services which includes mobile, business, and marketing solutions. Overview ratio analysis The use of ratio analysis can help companies evaluate the financial performance of an enterprise. The analysis is considered a quantitative tool. One of the advantages of applying ratio analysis is that it is easy to use. Any person that has basic business knowledge can retrieve the financial statements of a company and calculate its ratios. Nine additional advantages of the use of ratio analysis are listed below: Helpful in decision making Helpful i n financial analysis and planning Helpful in communication Helpful in coordination Helps in control Helpful in shareholder’s decisions Helpful in creditor’s decisions Helpful in employees decisions Helpful in governmental decisions (Svtuition, 2011). Another virtue of the use of ratio analysis is its comparability. The ratios of different companies can be compare to evaluate which firm is the better investment alternative. The five major categories of ratios are liquidity, financial leverage, asset efficiency, profitability, and market value ratios. Ratio analysis Qatar Telecom A ratio analysis of Qatar Telecom for the years 2011 and 2012 is illustrated below. 2011 2012 Net margin 18.71% 13.79% Earnings per share QR 14.80 QR 9.88 Return on assets 5.82% 4.93% Return on equity 15.09% 12.60% Current ratio 1.01 1.05 Acid-test ratio 1.00 1.03 Working capital QR 304908000 QR 975749000 Debt ratio 0.61 0.61 Debt to equity 1.59 1.55 Qatar Telecom generated total revenues of QR 33.71 billion in 2012. The sales of the company increase by 6.14% in comparison with the previous year. The firm’s net income in 2012 was QR 5.94 billion. The organization was able to increase its net income by QR 1.3 billion since the previous year. The net margin of the company in 2012 was 13.79%. The net margin is a metric that measures the absolute profitability of the company. It is calculated by dividing net income by total sales.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS - Research Paper Example It helped in the flow of the populace and provides reinforcement against incursion. The concepts were exported to the New World, as William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia city came up with gridiron plan in outlining the streets and a major portion of land flexible to quick change in land utilization. This resulted in contemporary planning of the cities so as to suit the needs of the inhabitants. After the first war that happens in the world, the country was destroyed resulting in finances channeled to retrofitting the American towns towards the launch of the automobile business. These required finances as the cost of expenses were high. In the year 1920, the country underwent a great depression and the worst hit trade was the building industry. This led to stagnation of buildings across the towns. The recent changing trends play a major role in influencing modern urban designs. The changes sweeping the planning profession have come up with an ideology about urban design as a profession away from the normal concept that entails societal issues and guiding principle. It is important for the contemporary designers to come up with varied knowledgeable designs that suit the urban environment. Public realm proposal is another aspect that should be taken into account when planning the modern cities. Spaces between the constructions should be considered when building houses. The spaces are linked to culture, the people’s behavior, security, accessibility and commerce. Consequently public realm is a vital aspect in urban designs. A high-quality development initiative should consider energy effectiveness and biodiversity. Conservative development preparation forms the basis for environmental policies hence the need for the implementation. Designers should encourage the development of ecological improvement together with the urban design doctrines. The movement advocated for striking cities as it believed that a nice city is conducive for the

Can it be argued that all societies have law Critically discuss Essay

Can it be argued that all societies have law Critically discuss Anthropological arguments on the topic - Essay Example However, as new scholars kept on emerging, these theories were challenged. Today, some argue that contrary to the earlier assertions that all societies conform to each other at some point, not all cultures have law, thus negating the issue of conformity. In light of these debates, this paper seeks to analyse these anthropological arguments in a bid to establish if all societies have laws. Consequently, diverse groups holding different cultural behaviours forming every society, laws are inevitable. One of the reasons the topic of cultural law comes up is because of yet another controversial debate of cultural relativism. In anthropology, cultural relativism asserts that each society holds its own practices and values2. Many, if not all, of these values and practices seldom compare to other societies thus making each society unique. In a bid to ensure that the observation of these values is retained, societies tend to have laws that hold them together. Since cultures are found universally, it therefore, confirms that all societies have a law. Furthermore, cultural relativism tends to be concerned with showing respect to varied cultural laws without setting values. That is to say, one culture could be engaged in a practice that another considers bad yet the latter cannot express its disapproval. It is because of cultural relativism that different societies are able to have own law3. When not interfered with, these societies tend to form a unique setting in the society that consequently sets each other apart. Clearly, with cultures evolving from various stages, it is inevitable to have these laws. Interestingly, other scholars argue that despite the evident variance of social practices by different cultures, all tend to have a particular commonality. This group of individuals’ contest that just like there is a variance in civilization, cultures, too, take various stages4. Sachs echoes the sentiments5. He